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Part ONE. Introduction

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Chapter ONE. What Is Philosophy?

A Definition of Philosophy:

• Philosophy Pages: http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/
• UNC Philosophy Links: http://philosophy.unc.edu/graduate/philosophy-links/
• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://www.iep.utm.edu/

1.2. What Is Rationality?

The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu, Tr. Burton Watson: http://terebess.hu/english/chuangtzu.html

1.3. Reading Philosophy

1.4. Does Philosophy Bake Bread?

BERTRAND RUSSELL: On the Value of Philosophy:

• http://www.skepdic.com/russell.html

Video lecture on this text by Christopher Anadale: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWO5mqzUESE

Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost.

McMaster University, The Bertrand Russell Archives: http://www.mcmaster.ca/russdocs/russell.htm

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Chapter TWO. Thinking and Writing Philosophically

2.1. A Little Logic

University of Oxford, Introduction to Logic: http://logic.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/main.htm

2.2. How to Write Philosophy

UNC, Writing Center: http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/philosophy/

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Part TWO. Value Theory (Axiology)

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Chapter THREE. How Should One Live?

3.1. Introduction

Bernard Williams

• Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy: https://butterflyweeds.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/bernard_williams_ethics_and_the_limits_of_philosbookos-org.pdf

John Kekes

• The Morality Of Pluralism: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2382353?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost.

3.2. The Buddha and the Middle Way
THE BUDDHA: The Four Noble Truths

• Discourses of the Buddha, Tr: Maurice Walshe: http://lirs.ru/lib/sutra/Long_Discourses_of_the_Buddha%28Digha_Nikaya%29.Walshe.pdf, http://www.andrew-may.com/zendynamics/thus.htm

WALPOLA RAHULA: The Fourth Noble Truth

• What the Buddha Taught: http://site.uwestonline.com/file.php/1/WhatTheBuddhaTaughtRevisedEdition.pdf

3.3. Confucius and the Life of Virtue
D. C. LAU: Confucius and Moral Character

• The Analects, Sayings of Confucius: http://studenthjelp.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Analects-the-Sayings-of-Confucius.pdf
• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost.

3.4. Socrates on Living the Examined Life
PLATO: The Apology

• http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/apology.html
• http://shop.mheducation.com/highered/product.M0767410335.html

3.5. Aristotle on Happiness and the Life of Moderation
ARISTOTLE: Nicomachean Ethics

• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost.
• http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.html

3.6. The Song of God
VED VYASA: Bhagavad-Gita:

• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost.
• http://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/
• http://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/1

3.7. Jesus on the Right Way to Live
JESUS OF NAZARETH: Sermon on the Mount

• http://www.oxfordbiblicalstudies.com/article/opr/t94/e1725

3.8 What is the Meaning of Life?

FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY: Notes from the Underground

• http://www.gutenberg.org/files/600/600-h/600-h.htm

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Chapter FOUR. How Can I Know What Is Right?

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Kant and the Categorical Imperative:

IMMANUEL KANT: Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals

• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCO
• http://www.justiceharvard.org/resources/immanuel-kant-groundwork-for-the-metaphysics-of-morals-1785/
• http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-moral/

4.3. Utilitarianism
JOHN STUART MILL: What Utilitarianism Is

• http://www.utilitarianism.com/mill1.htm
• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost.

4.4. Virtue Ethics

MARTHA NUSSBAUM: The Virtues

4.5. The Divine Command Theory
AL-ASHARI: The Theology of Al-Ashari

• http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ei2/ashari.htm

JACK HERNANDEZ: What if? A Dialogue with Job, God, and Socrates

4.6. The Ethic of Care
NEL NODDINGS: Caring

4.7. Moral Relativism
LOUIS P. POJMAN: A Critique of Ethical Relativism

• http://afterall.net/papers/a-critique-of-ethical-relativism/
• http://www.mesacc.edu/~barsp59601/text/105/notes/intro/pojman.html
• http://www.nyu.edu/classes/gmoran/POJMAN.pdf

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Chapter FIVE. What Makes a Society Just?

5.1. Introduction

5.2. God and Justice
KHALED ABOU EL FADL: Islam and Democracy

• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost. Search for: Islam and the Challenge of Democracy, Author: Abou El Fadl, Khaled, Chasman, Deborah, Cohen, Joshua, Date: 2004

5.3. Capitalism and Exploitation
KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS: Manifesto of the Communist Party

• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at ebook Academic Subscription/EBSCOhost.
• https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/

5.4. Political Liberalism
JOHN RAWLS: A Theory of Justice

• http://www.ohio.edu/people/piccard/entropy/rawls.html
• Full Text PDF available through VC Library Online Resources at EBSCO ebook Academic.
• http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rawls/

5.5. Our Obligation to the State
PLATO: Crito

• http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/crito.html

5.6. Civil Disobedience
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.: Letter from Birmingham Jail

• https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/letter-birmingham-jail

5.7. God is Red
VINE DELORIA, JR.: Sacred Places and Moral Responsibility

• God is Red: A Native View of Religion, Vine Deloria;c1994, Available at Ventura College Main Stacks – Library (BL2776 .D44 1992 )

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Chapter SIX. Is Justice for All Possible?

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Sexism, Racism, and Homophobia

CORNEL WEST: Race Matters

• Race matters, Cornel West; c1993, Available at Ventura College Main Stacks – Library (E185.615 .W43 1993 )

SUZANNE PHARR: Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism

• http://suzannepharr.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/homophobiaaweaponofsexismcondensed.pdf

6.3. Illegal Immigration
REGINALD WILLIAMS: A Case for Residency

6.4. A Solution to Poverty
PETER SINGER: Our Obligation to the Poor

6.5. Fighting Injustice:

NELSON MANDELA: I am Prepared to Die

• http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/mandela.htm

6.6. Violence
HANNAH ARENDT: On Violence

6.7. Is It Too Late To Save Mother Earth?

BILL MCKIBBEN: Eaarth

• http://www.billmckibben.com/eaarth/eaarthbook.html

6.8. Animal Rights
TOM REGAN: The Case for Animal Rights

• http://www.animal-rights-library.com/texts-m/regan03.htm
• http://faculty.webster.edu/corbetre/philosophy/animals/regan-text.html

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Part THREE. Epistemology

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Chapter SEVEN. Is Knowledge Possible?

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Sufi Mysticism
AL-GHAZALI: Deliverance from Error

• http://www.ghazali.org/books/md/gz101.htm

7.3. Is Certainty Possible?
RENÉ DESCARTES: Meditations I and II

• http://www.sacred-texts.com/phi/desc/med.txt
• http://www.uri.edu/students/szunjic/philos/med2.htm
• http://www.wright.edu/~charles.taylor/descartes/mede.html
• http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/

7.4. Empiricism and Limited Skepticism
DAVID HUME: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

• http://18th.eserver.org/hume-enquiry.html

7.5. Should We Believe Beyond the Evidence?
WILLIAM K. CLIFFORD: The Ethics of Belief

• http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Clifford_ethics.pdf
• http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-belief/

WILLIAM JAMES: The Will to Believe

• http://educ.jmu.edu//~omearawm/ph101willtobelieve.html
• http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26659/26659-h/26659-h.htm

7.6. Classical Indian Epistemology
JOHN M. KOLLER: Knowledge and Reality

7.7. Feminist Epistemology
ISHANI MAITRA: The Nature of Epistemic Injustice

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Chapter EIGHT. Does Science Tell Us the Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth?

8.1. Introduction

8.2. How Do We Come to Believe?
CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE: The Fixation of Belief

• http://www.peirce.org/writings/p107.html

8.3. The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
KARL POPPER: Conjectures and Refutations

• http://worthylab.tamu.edu/Courses_files/Popper_ConjecturesandRefutations.pdf

8.4. Scientific Revolutions
THOMAS S. KUHN: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

• http://projektintegracija.pravo.hr/_download/repository/Kuhn_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions.pdf
• http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-kuhn/

8.5. Science and Traditional Thought
KWAME ANTHONY APPIAH: Old Gods, New Worlds

8.6. Feminism and Science
HELEN E. LONGINO: Can There Be a Feminist Science?

• http://www.studiagender.umk.pl/pliki/teksty_longino_can_there_be_a_feminist_science.pdf

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Part FOUR. Metaphysics

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Chapter NINE. What Is Really Real?

9.1. Introduction

9.2. The Dao
LAOZI: Dao De Jing

http://terebess.hu/english/tao/yutang.html

9.3. Platonic Dualism
PLATO: The Republic

http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.html

9.4. Nondualism
SHANKARA: The Crest-Jewel of Discrimination

• http://sacred-texts.com/hin/cjw/index.htm
• http://www.swamij.com/shankara-crest-jewel.htm

9.5. Subjective Idealism
GEORGE BERKELEY: The Principles of Human Knowledge

• http://philosophy.eserver.org/berkeley.html

9.6. Time and the Other
EMMANUEL LEVINAS: The Solitude of Existing

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Chapter TEN. Are We Free or Determined?

10.1. Introduction

10.2. We Are Determined
ROBERT BLATCHFORD: Not Guilty

• http://faculty.gordonstate.edu/jthrasher-sneathen/Blatchford.pdf
• http://staff.washington.edu/annbaker/Hard%20Determinism.htm

10.3. We Are Free
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE: Existentialism

• https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/works/exist/sartre.htm

10.4. Karma and Freedom
SARVEPALLI RADHAKRISHNAN: Karma and Freedom

• https://archive.org/details/Sarvepalli.Radhakrishnan-An.Idealist.View.of.Life.1932

10.5. WeAre Both Free and Determined

BRUCE N.WALLER: Chanelle, Sabrina, and the Oboe

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Chapter ELEVEN. What Am I? Who Am I?

11.1. Introduction

11.2. You Are Your Mind
RENÉ DESCARTES: Meditation VI

• http://www.sacred-texts.com/phi/desc/med.txt
• http://www.uri.edu/students/szunjic/philos/med2.htm
• http://www.wright.edu/~charles.taylor/descartes/mede.html

11.3. Are You Are a Computing Machine?
JOHN SEARLE: Chinese Room

• http://www.thatmarcusfamily.org/philosophy/Course_Websites/Readings/Searle%20-%20Can%20Computers%20Think.pdf
• http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/

11.4. You Are Meat
TERRY BISSON: They’re Made Out of Meat

http://www.terrybisson.com/page6/page6.html

11.5. There Is No Self

THE BUDDHA: False Doctrines about the Soul
The Simile of the Chariot

• https://sites.google.com/site/rahulawhatthebuddha/the-doctrine-of-no-soul
• https://philosophynow.org/issues/97/Is_The_Buddhist_No-Self_Doctrine_Compatible_With_Pursuing_Nirvana

11.6. Where Am I?
DANIEL DENNETT: Brainstorms

11.7 Social Identity

JORGE F.E. GRACIA: Identities: General and Particular

11.8 Gender Identity

DEIRDRE (DONALD) N. MCCLOSKEY: Crossing

• http://www.deirdremccloskey.com/gender/dee.php

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Chapter TWELVE. Are Religious Claims True?

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Arguments for God’s Existence
ANSELM OF CANTERBURY: The Ontological Argument

• https://www.princeton.edu/~grosen/puc/phi203/ontological.html
• http://www.iep.utm.edu/ont-arg/
• http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/

THOMAS AQUINAS: The Five Ways

• http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl201/modules/Philosophers/Aquinas/aquinas_five_ways02.html
• http://web.mnstate.edu/gracyk/courses/web%20publishing/aquinasFiveWays_ArgumentAnalysis.htm
• http://philosophy.lander.edu/intro/aquinas.shtml

12.3. Can Evil and God Co-Exist?
J. L. MACKIE: Evil and Omnipotence

• http://www.ditext.com/mackie/evil.html

The philosophy of religion. Basil Mitchell;1971. Available at OXNARD Circulating Book (BL51 .M6553)

12.4. Are Mystical Experiences Evidence for Religious Truth?
GRACE M. JANTZEN: Feminists, Philosophers, and Mystics

12.5. Are All Religions True?
JOHN H. HICK: The Conflicting Truth Claims of Different Religions

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Appendix ONE. GLOSSARY

Appendix TWO. PRONUNCIATION GUIDES – See more at: http://www.cengage.com/search/productOverview.do;jsessionid=33A8E51EB16649044E53392D100DEAAE?N=0&Ntk=P_Isbn13&Ntt=9781111834678&Ntx=mode%2Bmatchallpartial#sthash.FZAGTnWm.dpuf